Groundwater chemistry

Aim follow pollutants and other components of the groundwater chemistry and calculate mass balances for the groundwater zone. Groundwater is one of the great output and transport media for dissolved pollutants and other elements under the layers sampled for soil water. In the small IM catchments with their shallow glacial till the superficial groundwater flow is the only medium of importance. The concentrations of elements in the groundwater to a high degree depend on the rate of weathering of the minerals in contact with the water. Water may be sampled in tubes penetrating the ground to distinct depths. It may also be sampled in natural springs. At each IM site a series of tubes have been installed in a slope down to the area of groundwater discharge to the runoff stream. Sampling is performed four times a year.   Variables normal year: pH, conductivity, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, NH4, NO3+NO2, PO4, SO4, Cl, alkalinity/acidity, TOC, Si, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn campaign year additionally: Hg-tot, methyl-Hg, V, As, Cr, Ni, Co, Mo, Se and labile Al For further information see SGU.

	Sampling for groundwater chemistry. (Kindla.)
	Establishing groundwater tubes by means of drilling equipment.